Solved examples with detailed answer description, explanation are given and it would be easy to understand. It hurts the land and people where it takes place, so also the land and people where it gets deposited. Water erosion is caused by the detachment and transport of soil by rainfall, runoff, melting snow or ice, and irrigation. Soil erosion is a natural process in which particles of soil are moved by wind and water, and displaced to another location. Tillage erosion causes the thinning of soils on upper slope areas and can result in. It pays economically and environmentally to keep soil in place. Soil pollution refers to the contamination of soil with anomalous concentrations of toxic substances. The washing away of the valuable topsoil is called erosion. Geochemical modelling of groundwater for prevention of incrustation. Rainfall energy is the prime cause of erosion from tilled or bare land. Natural erosion has sculptured landforms on the uplands and built landforms on the lowlands. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion. Erosion reduces the productivity of ag soils, plugs road ditches, carries pollutants into streams, and clogs fish habitat. Managing for soil erosion land resources and environmental.
Ideally, the movement of sand functions like a balanced budget. Soil erosion is harmful and useful at the same time. In this contest the following figures speak about the extent of problem in india. Plant vegetation that will assist in the protection of your soil, like rye or. Regional assessment of the extent of soil erosion by water. Read this article to learn about the meaning, factors, effects, types, causes and prevention of soil erosion. Bare soil is easily swept away by wind and water, the.
Although erosion happens naturally, human activities can make it much worse. Soil erosion is a major threat to soil health and agricultural productivity, with 10 million ha of cropland lost each year to erosive processes. When erosion occurs naturally, soil is relocated at about the same rate. Soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinisation and soil acidity problems are other serious soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion. Coastal erosion has both natural causes and humanrelated activity causes. Depending on the local landscape and weather conditions, erosion may be very slow or very rapid. The impact of raindrops will break up the soil and water buildup will create runoff, taking sediment with it.
Soil erosion, especially in agricultural systems, affects everyone throughout the world. Other soil conservation practicessuch as contour banks, filter strips and controlled trafficare important, but secondary to the maintenance of cover. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. Man can also cause soil erosion by such practices as tilling a farmers field or the. Erosion leads to nutrition loss of soil,convert green plains into desert. And while we have little control over the two main causes wind and rain we can take measures to minimize soil erosion and reduce its negative impact on our operations. The most effective form of erosion control is to minimise the area of disturbance. Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action. Running water is one of the main cause of soil erosion. Dont forget to plan for erosion control all year round preventing runoff during the spring and summer is equally as important as preventing erosion. Some soil erosion is natural, but accelerated erosion is not.
Flooding and erosion florida department of environmental. Soil erosion soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil material. The best choice of plants to prevent soil erosion are herbs, wild flowers and small trees. Soil erosion control products control and prevent erosion. Reducing the number of cultivation operations will benefit the soil structure and reduce soil erosion. Factors and causes of soil erosion and the interaction between them. Soil displaced by erosion contributes to both onsite and offsite damages. In particular, erosion reduces the waterholding capacity because of rapid water runoff, and reduces soil organic matter.
Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and. The key to controlling soil erosion by water is maintenance of a protective cover e. Vetiver grass has become a global bandaid in the prevention of soil erosion because it will grow in most climates and soils source. The effects are not confined to the site of the disturbance. Water and wind erosion are two main agents that degrade. Ways to prevent soil erosion which method will you choose.
Addressing soil erosion that results from rainfall, water flows, wind, or stormwater runoff, soil erosion control products stabilize areas to provide a firm foundation for vegetation and roads. Soil present in a steeper slope more than the soil present at a plane level of the. Pdf methods of controlling soil erosion researchgate. Identifying erosion problems at the planning stage and noting highly erodible areas, helps in selecting effective erosion control practices and estimating storage volumes for sediment traps and basins. However, each subsequent cultivation disturbs the soil and detaches soil particles. Soil erosion control requires products that are diverse, reliable, and equipped to handle the conditions of the project location. Soil erosion control solutions global road technology. In this paper, the diverse factors that cause soil erosion are assessed. A portion of the soil reaches the states streams, lakes, and coastal waters as sediment.
Pdf soil erosion is a natural process in which particles of soil are moved by wind and water, and displaced to. High sodicity in soil causes clay to swell when its wet, and the clay particles move so far apart that they disperse. Between 1982 and 2003, total soil erosion dropped from an estimate of over 3. Causes of soil erosion soil erosion occurs when natural forces, such as wind and water, act on the soil.
Erosion destroys agricultural lands as the nutrients are washed away along with the soil. Erosion may also impact water conveyance and storage structures, and contribute to pollution from land surfaces. Excessive erosion can threaten the production of agricultural and forest products. Soil erosion is defined as the process of removal of soil from one surface, due to factors like rain, wind or others, and its disposition in some other areas. Pdf soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. Processes and principles of erosion and sedimentation. This is especially useful for runoff of your physical structures. Nearly 10 million hectares of arable land are lost to erosion and other forms of soil degradation every year 1 countries all over the world are battling with worrisome sight of deepening gullies crisscrossing the landscape and barren fields stripped of the fertile topsoil. Gilley, in encyclopedia of soils in the environment, 2005.
The outcomes of soil erosion are reduced agricultural productivity, ecological collapse, soil degradation, and the possibility of desertification. Erosion erosion is the wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, ice, or other causes. Raindrops hit exposed soil with great energy and easily dislodge the soil particles from the surface. Flowing water, rainwater, and the wind are the prime agents which cause a significant amount of soil loss each year. It may take some time to pinpoint the source of erosion, but with these tips in mind, you can beautify your. It is a serious environmental concern since it harbours many health hazards. The natural causes of soil erosion would include precipitation, wind velocity, soil characteristics, hydrology, and slope gradients. The causes of soil erosion are directly related to improper landuse, and are, therefore, entirely manmade. Soil erosion is the process where wind, water and human beings detach soil particles and deposit them somewhere else. This, in turn, weakens the aggregate in the soil, causing collapses, and closing off soil pores.
Allowing your grass to grow to at least three inches will promote retention of water in the soil. Causes, processes and effects soil erosion is a growing problem and constitutes a threat to soil quality and to the ability of soils to provide environmental services. Soil erosion is a critical environmental problem throughout the worlds terrestrial ecosystems. Geochemical modelling of groundwater for prevention of incrustation in. If the texture is loose that is the soil contains more of small grains and of open structure erodes faster. This will maintain soil temperature and minimize erosion. Soil erosion and sedimentation processes and issues, illinois water quality laws and regulations related to erosion and sedimentation, speci. Therefore, it is important to prevent soil erosion.
Development of management strategies to control soil erosion in. Fortunately, there are effective ways to control erosion. Total soil erosion on all cropland and land in crp declined since 1982 as well. Water erosion water erosion causes two sets of problems. Assessing soil erosion although soil erosion has been taking place very slowly in natural ecosystems throughout geologic time, its cumulative impacts on soil quality over billions of years have been significant. As soil erodes, it loses nutrients, clogs rivers with dirt, and eventually turns the area into a desert. Causes of erosion erosion occurs when soil is left exposed to rain or wind energy.
Abstract water is life for all but this water is polluting day by day in severe condition. It is the fairly uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface, often scarcely perceptible, especially when caused by wind. This loss of cropland to the effects of soil erosion often results in the. By applying some relatively simple steps, you can control and prevent soil erosion. Soil erosion is the most serious precursor of soil degradation that comes with global implications. Erosion occurs not only because of water but also by the action of wind and ice. Soil erosion can happen slowly, gradually washing away top soil, or it can happen quickly in heavy rain events. Removal of vegetation cover has caused widespread erosion in western ghats, uttar pradesh and in himachal pradesh. The eroded topsoil will ultimately inundate the planned drain system perhaps leading to enormous damages to surrounding land. Erosion inflicts multiple, serious damages in managed ecosystems such as crops, pastures, or forests as well as in natural ecosystems.
When the layer of topsoil is removed, ground becomes unproductive and crops decrease. The four most common soil erosion prevention methods are vegetation, geotextiles, mulch, and retaining walls. Sand moves parallel to the coast in longshore currents. Soil erosion pdf replaces omafra factsheet, soil erosion causes and effects, order no. Farmers plant trees and grass to cover and bind the soil. Too much of soil erosion causes serious loss of topsoil and also reduces crop production potential, lower surface water quality, and damaged.
Sheet erosion soil erosion is characterised by the downslope removal of. Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at an alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoil. Soil erosion over decades can have detrimental effects on. An onsite loss of agricultural potential an offsite effect of downstream movement of sediment, causing flooding and the silting up of reservoirs. The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity. Thus, soil erosion is a continuous process and may occur either at a relatively unnoticed rate or an alarming rate contributing to copious loss of the topsoil.
Ways to prevent soil erosion simple solutions to prevent soil erosion. For example, exposure to soil containing high concentrations of benzene increases the risk of contracting leukaemia. Causes, consequences, prevention method and role of wbphed with special reference from murshidabad district rozina khatun research scholar, department of geography, tilka manjhi bhagalpur university, bihar, india. In either scenario, the land is stripped bare of valuable natural resources. This manual focuses primarily on the prevention of sedimentation problems associated with. Soil erosion is also referred to as the creeping death. The greatest challenge for sustainable soil management.
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